Maintaining your skin’s pH balance will keep it healthy and resilient, and can reduce common issues like dryness, irritation, and acne. Here’s a closer look at why pH balance matters and how you can help maintain it.

What is pH?

The term “pH” stands for “potential of hydrogen” and measures how acidic or alkaline a substance is on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline. Pure water has a pH of 7, which is considered perfectly neutral. This means that it has exactly equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. Different parts of the body have different pH levels, meaning that some parts are more acidic while others are more alkaline. For instance, the interior of the stomach is highly acidic, registering a pH of 3.5 or lower. On the other hand, blood typically has a pH that is between 7.35 and 7.45, making it slightly alkaline.

Healthy skin typically has a slightly acidic pH, ranging from 4.5 to 5.5. This slight acidity is due to the “acid mantle,” a thin, protective layer on the skin’s surface composed of sebum (oil) and sweat. The acid mantle helps protect the skin from harmful bacteria, viruses, and other potential contaminants.

Importance of pH balance for skin health

The skin’s acid mantle acts as a barrier against environmental pollutants, toxins, and harmful microorganisms. An acidic pH helps maintain the integrity of this barrier, keeping moisture in and irritants out. Disruption of the acid mantle can lead to a compromised skin barrier, resulting in increased sensitivity, dryness, and irritation.

When the skin’s pH becomes closer to neutral (higher than 5.5), it can disrupt the natural oils and lead to moisture loss, causing dryness and irritation. A balanced pH helps retain moisture, keeping the skin hydrated and soft.

A slightly acidic environment inhibits the growth of acne-causing bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes. When the pH is out of balance, it can create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, leading to breakouts and inflammation.

Certain enzymes responsible for the natural shedding of dead skin cells (desquamation) function optimally at a slightly acidic pH. A balanced pH helps maintain the natural turnover of skin cells, preventing a buildup that can lead to dullness, clogged pores, and acne.

How to maintain a balanced pH on your skin

Use gentle, pH-balanced cleansers specifically formulated to match your skin’s natural pH. Avoid harsh soaps and detergents with a high pH that can strip the skin of its natural oils. Look for sulfate-free, mild cleansers labeled as pH-balanced or designed for sensitive skin. When washing, use lukewarm water to protect the skin’s barrier. Gently pat your skin dry with a soft towel.

Alcohol-free toners can help restore the skin’s pH after cleansing. Choose toners containing hydrating ingredients like glycerin, hyaluronic acid, or rose water. Witch hazel, when alcohol-free, can also help maintain pH without stripping the skin.

A good moisturizer not only hydrates but also helps reinforce the skin’s natural barrier. Look for moisturizers with ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, which mimic your skin’s natural lipid structure and maintain its acid mantle.

Choose gentle chemical exfoliants like AHAs (alpha hydroxy acids) and BHAs (beta hydroxy acids), which work within the skin’s natural pH range to dissolve dead skin cells without causing irritation. Avoid using strong physical scrubs that can disrupt the skin barrier.

Incorporating masks and serums that are pH-balanced can provide additional hydration and nourishment. Look for ingredients like aloe vera, green tea extract, and niacinamide, known for their soothing properties.

Ultraviolet light exposure can disrupt the skin’s barrier and pH balance. A broad-spectrum sunscreen with a pH close to the skin’s natural pH can provide protection and maintain skin health. Mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are often less irritating and suitable for sensitive skin.

Maintaining your skin’s pH balance will preserve its natural barrier; reduce dryness, irritation, and acne; and promote overall skin health. By using the right products and adopting gentle skincare practices, you can support your skin’s natural defenses and achieve a healthy, glowing complexion.